Después del baño.1909

El calcio en el agua y el niño
Referencias

fundamentos - calcio
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* Dureza del agua: Causas, sabor y problemas domésticos del agua dura

Rodier J. Medida de la dureza total del agua. En : Rodier J. ed. Análisis de las aguas. Barcelona.Ed. Omega 1981:216-220

Dietary Reference Intakes for calcium, phosphorus,magnesium,vitamin D and fluoride.Food and Nutrition Board. National Academy of Sciences. Wahington. National Academy Press,1997.

W.H.0.:Hardness.In:W.H.O. ed. Guidelines for drinking-water quality.Vol2.Health criteria and other supporting information.2nd ed.Geneva.W.H.O. ed.1996:237-242

* Ablandamiento del agua dura

WHO:Technical interventions. In: WHO ed.Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Volume 3. Surveillance and control of community supplies.2ª edición.Geneva: WHO, 1997:84-12

Gray NF.Alternativas al agua corriente.En: Gray NF ed .Calidad del agua potable.Problemas y soluciones.Zaragoza.Ed. Acribia.1994:179-183.

* Dureza del agua y enfermedades cardiovasculares

Leoni V,Fabián L,Ticchiarelli l.Water hardness and cardiovascular mortality rate in Abruzzo,Italy.Arch Environm Health 1985;40:274-8

Smith WC, Crombie JK.Coronary heart disease and water hardness in Scotland.Is there a relationship?. J Epidem Commun Health 1987; 41:227-8

MacKinnon AU,Taylor SH.Relationship between sudden coronary deaths and drinking water hardness in five Yorkshire cities and towns.Int J Epidem 1980 ;9:247-9

Pocock SJ,Svardsudd KK,Ek J,Tibbin G.British Regional Heart Study : geographic variations in cardiovascular mortality and the role of water quality.Br Med J 1980; 280:1243-9

Nerbrand C,Shaper AG,Cook DG,Packham RF,Lacy RF,Powell P,Russell PF.Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in seven counties in Sweden in relation to water hardness and geological settings.The project: myocardial infarction in mid-Sweden.Eur Heart J 1992;13:721-7.

Yang CY, Chiu HF, Tsai SS, Cheng MF, Lin MC, Sung FC..Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from prostate cancer. J Toxicol Environ Health 2000;60:17-26

Yang CY, Chiu HF.Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from rectal cancer. Int J Cancer 1998;77:528-532.

* Dureza del agua y litiasis urinaria

Allwigth SP.Mortality and water hardness in three, matched communities in Los Angels.Lancet 1974;2:860.

Shuster J, Finlayson B, Scheaffer R, Sierakowski R, Zoltek J, Dzegede S. Water hardness and urinary stone disease. J Urol 1982; 128:422-5.

Shuster J, Finlayson B, Scheaffer R, Sierakowski R, Zoltek J, Dzegede S. Primary liquid intake and urinary stone disease. J Chron Dis 1985;38:907-914.

Polinsky M,Kaiser B,Baluarte HJ.Urolithiasis in childhood.Pediatr Clin North Am 1987;34:683-710.

Caudarella R, Rizzoli E, Buffa A, Bottura A, Stefoni S. Comparative study of the influence of 3 types of mineral water in patients with idiopathic calcium lithiasis.J Urol 1998;159:658-663

Ackerman D, Baumann JM, Futterlieb A, Zingg EJ.Influence of calcium content in mineral water on chemistry and crystallization conditions in urine of calcium stone formers.Eur Urol 1988;14:305-8.

Bataille P,Charransol G,Gr.egoire I,Daigr.e JL,Coevoet B,Makdassi R et al.Effect of calcium restriction on renal excretion of oxalate and the probability of stones in the various pathophysiological gr.oups with calcium stones. J Urol 1983;130:218-223.

Bellizzi V, De Nicola L, Minutolo R, Russo D, Cianciaruso B, Andreucci M et al. Effects of water hardness on urinary risk factors for kidney stones in patients with idiopathic nephrolithiasis.Nephron 1999; 81:66-70.

Coen G, Sardella D,Barbera G, Ferrranini, Comegna C, Ferazzoli F et al.Urinary composition and lithogenic risk in normal subjects following oligomineral versus bicarbonate-alkaline high calcium mineral water intake.Urol Int 2001;67:49-53

Saulnier JP, Podevin G, Berthier M, Levard G, Oriot D. Staghorn lithiasis in an infant related to mineral water high in calcium .Arch Pediatr 2001;7:1300-3.

Hesse A,Kessler T.Cross-over study of the influence of bicarbonate rich mineral water on urinary composition in comparison with sodium potassiumm citrate in healthy male subjects.Br J Nutr 2000;84:865-871.

* Biodisponibilidad del calcio del agua

Couzy F,Kastenmayer P,Vigo M,Clough J,Muñoz-Box R, Barclay D.Calcium bioavailability from a calcium and sulfate rich mineral water, compared with milk in young adult women. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62:1239-44.

Heaney RP,Dowell MS.Absorbability of the calcium in a high-calcium mineral water. Osteopor Int 1994;4:323-4.

Bohmer H,Maller H,Resch Kl.Calcium supplementation with calcium-rich mineral waters . A systematic review and meta-analysis of its bioavailability.Osteoporos Int 2000;11:938-943.

Wynckel A, Hanrotel C,Wuillai a,Chanard J.Intestinal calcium absorption from mineral water.Miner Electrolyte Metab 1997;23:88-92.

Guillemant J,Le H, Accaries Ch, Tézenas S, Delabroise A, Arnaud M, Guillemant S.Mineral water as a source of dietary calcium: acute effects on parathyroid function and bone resorption in young men.Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71: 999-1002

National Institutes of Health.Consensus conference.Optimal calcium intake.JAMA 1994;272:1942-8.

Guillemant J, Guillemant S, Delabroise A, Arnaud M .Acute effects induced by a calcium-rich mineral water on calcium metabolism and on parathyroid function. Osteopor Int 1997;7:85-6

*Calcio en el agua de consumo público

DIARIO OFICIAL DE LAS COMUNIDADES EUROPEAS :Directiva del Consejo de 15 de julio de 1980 relativa a las aguas destinadas al consumo humano 80/778/CEE

DIARIO OFICIAL DE LAS COMUNIDADES EUROPEAS :Directiva del Consejo de 3 de noviembre de 1998 relativa a las aguas destinadas al consumo humano 98/83/CE del Consejo

Vitoria I, Arias T. Importancia nutricional del agua de consumo público y del agua de bebida envasada en la alimentación del lactante .Estudio descriptivo de base poblacional. Ed. Nestle.Barcelona.2000 (pdf)

Calcio en el agua de bebida envasada

Garzon P,Eisenberg MJ.Variation in the mineral content of commercially available bottled waters:Implications for health and disease.Am J Med 1998;105:125-130.

Vitoria I, Arias T. Importancia nutricional del agua de consumo público y del agua de bebida envasada en la alimentación del lactante .Estudio descriptivo de base poblacional. Ed. Nestle.Barcelona.2000 (pdf)

Necesidades de calcio en la infancia y calcio en aguas de consumo

Committee on Nutrition.American Academy of Pediatrics.Calcium requirements of infants,children and adolescents.Pediatrics.1999;104:1152-7.

Ballabriga A, Carrascosa A. Bebidas en la infancia. En:Ballabriga A,Carrascosa A eds. Nutrición en la infancia y adolescencia.Madrid: Ergon, 2001:807-821.

Vitoria I. Calcio en el agua de bebida en la infancia : ¿molesto o necesario?.Acta Pediatr Esp 2002;60: 99-109

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